{"id":2131,"date":"2020-06-09T17:31:51","date_gmt":"2020-06-09T15:31:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drone-geofencing.fr\/?p=803"},"modified":"2025-10-22T00:54:24","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T22:54:24","slug":"homologation-drone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drone-geofencing.com\/en\/homologation-drone\/","title":{"rendered":"Drone certification: the rules to follow to certify your drone"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid mpc-row\" data-row-id=\"mpc_row-66af7c9efc268b\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12 mpc-column\" data-column-id=\"mpc_column-746af7c9efc1fe2\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h2>Homologation de drone professionnel, la r&eacute;glementation et les contraintes techniques<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Tout drone professionnel<\/strong> (depuis le 26 D&eacute;cembre 2018, est consid&eacute;r&eacute; comme un drone professionnel tout drone dont le poids est sup&eacute;rieur &agrave; 800 grammes)<strong> doit &ecirc;tre homologu&eacute; et\/ou immatricul&eacute; avant d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre autoris&eacute; &agrave; voler<\/strong>. Pour obtenir cette homologation de la part de la direction g&eacute;n&eacute;rale de l&rsquo;aviation civile (DGAC), le constructeur ET l&rsquo;exploitant doivent respecter certaines contraintes techniques et r&eacute;glementaires avant le d&eacute;collage.<\/p>\n<h3>L&rsquo; homologation de drone professionnel se r&eacute;alise en deux &eacute;tapes.<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Dans un premier temps, le constructeur de drones envoie le dossier technique du drone &agrave; la DGAC. Ce dernier pr&eacute;cise si ce mutlirotor sera utilis&eacute; &agrave; titre individuel (prototype de drone civil du m&ecirc;me type de ceux utilis&eacute;s en a&eacute;romod&eacute;lisme) ou en s&eacute;rie (drone commercialis&eacute; en masse par un constructeur sans avoir subi de changement structurel ou logiciel). La direction g&eacute;n&eacute;rale de l&rsquo;aviation civile remettra alors au constructeur, soit une <strong>attestation de conception<\/strong> individuelle, soit une attestation de conception de s&eacute;rie. Cette derni&egrave;re est valable tant que la DGAC ne la suspend pas ou ne la retire pas. Il vous faut avoir une copie de ce document avant l&rsquo;utilisation de drones.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Dans un second temps (lors de l&rsquo;acquisition de l&rsquo;appareil), la DGAC fournit, sur demande un <strong>certificat de conformit&eacute;<\/strong>. Ce certificat autorise l&rsquo;entreprise exploitante &agrave; faire voler son appareil dans le cadre de ses activit&eacute;s particuli&egrave;res (la prise de vue a&eacute;rienne photographique, les prises de vues a&eacute;riennes vid&eacute;os, cin&eacute;ma, surveillance, inspections d&rsquo;ouvrage, formation de pilote de drone &agrave; usage professionnel, etc.). Avant de piloter un drone, ces autorisations sont n&eacute;cessaires.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En cas de modification de l&rsquo;appareil, il faudra imp&eacute;rativement refaire l&rsquo; homologation DGAC.<\/p>\n<h3>Les contraintes techniques permettant l&rsquo; homologation de son drone<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo; homologation d&rsquo;un drone professionnel permet &agrave; la DGAC d&rsquo;am&eacute;liorer la s&eacute;curit&eacute; des tiers lors du survol de zones a&eacute;riennes habit&eacute;s (espace a&eacute;rien r&eacute;glement&eacute;) par ce drone. Les performances techniques du drone sont donc extr&ecirc;mement &eacute;tudi&eacute;es en fonction du cadre d&rsquo;exploitation de l&rsquo;exploitant notamment celles touchant &agrave; la s&eacute;curit&eacute; du vol : syst&egrave;me de s&eacute;curit&eacute; mis en &oelig;uvre, redondance des sous-syst&egrave;mes du drone, limitations op&eacute;rationnelles du constructeur.<\/p>\n<h3>Homologation de drone en fonction des sc&eacute;narios<\/h3>\n<p>Un drone, dit homologu&eacute; (attestation de conception et certificat de conformit&eacute;), est un drone qui est en conformit&eacute; avec la r&eacute;glementation a&eacute;ronautique fran&ccedil;aise et du transport a&eacute;rien en vigueur.<\/p>\n<p>Dans cette r&eacute;glementation, il existe plusieurs sc&eacute;narios de vols (S1 (vol &agrave; vue en zone non peupl&eacute;e) &ndash; S2 (vol hors vue &agrave; moins de 1 km du t&eacute;l&eacute;pilote en zone non peupl&eacute;e) &ndash; S3 (vol &agrave; vue en zone peupl&eacute;e) &ndash; et\/ou S4 (vol hors vue en zone non peupl&eacute;e) &ndash; Sc&eacute;nario sp&eacute;cifique) pour les pilotes de drones professionnels. Un drone, consid&eacute;r&eacute; en conformit&eacute; avec le sc&eacute;nario S1 est dit homologu&eacute; S1. Un drone peut &ecirc;tre conforme &agrave; un ou plusieurs sc&eacute;narios de vols. Par exemple, il peut &ecirc;tre homologu&eacute; S1, S2 et S3 (cas le plus fr&eacute;quent). Ses conditions d&rsquo;utilisation peuvent &eacute;voluer d&rsquo;un sc&eacute;nario &agrave; un autre.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A titre d&rsquo;illustration, un drone ayant re&ccedil;u l&rsquo; homologation DGAC S1 devra &ecirc;tre &eacute;quip&eacute; d&rsquo;un parachute de protection.<\/li>\n<li>Et pour &eacute;galement, un drone ayant re&ccedil;u l&rsquo; homologation DGAC S3 devra, lors de ses vols en sc&eacute;nario S3 (vol &agrave; vue en zone peupl&eacute;e), &ecirc;tre &eacute;quip&eacute; d&rsquo;un parachute externe (dispositif de protection de tiers) pour des raisons de s&eacute;curit&eacute; en cas de panne ou d&rsquo;avarie impr&eacute;vue<\/li>\n<li>Pour un sc&eacute;nario S2, il est notamment exig&eacute; que la carte de contr&ocirc;le de vol du drone int&egrave;gre un syst&egrave;me de coupure moteur et puisse enregistrer de toutes les donn&eacute;es des 20 derni&egrave;res minutes de vol<\/li>\n<li>Pour un sc&eacute;nario S4, il est notamment demand&eacute; qu&rsquo;en cas d&rsquo;atterrissage d&rsquo;urgence, il puisse y avoir un retour vid&eacute;o temps r&eacute;el depuis les &eacute;quipements de capture d&rsquo;image du drone<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&rsquo; homologation a pour objectif de s&eacute;curiser les tiers en cas d&rsquo;incident m&eacute;canique et\/ou d&rsquo;erreur de pilotage. Les proc&eacute;dures op&eacute;rationnelles pr&eacute;conis&eacute;es par le constructeur (proc&eacute;dure d&rsquo;urgence, panne d&rsquo;un sous-syst&egrave;me, compte-rendu en cas d&rsquo;incidents, etc.) sont donc &eacute;tudi&eacute;es &agrave; la loupe et ne peuvent &ecirc;tre que durcies par l&rsquo;exploitant lors des diff&eacute;rents cas d&rsquo;utilisation de ses drones.<\/p>\n<h3>Les r&egrave;gles concernant l&rsquo;identification de votre drone professionnel<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Il est obligatoire que tous les drones de plus de 800g soient enregistr&eacute;s par leur propri&eacute;taire sur <a href=\"https:\/\/alphatango.aviation-civile.gouv.fr\/login.jsp\">le portail AlphaTango<\/a><\/strong>. Le drone re&ccedil;oit alors un num&eacute;ro d&rsquo;identification qui est valable cinq ans. Une fois obtenu, ce num&eacute;ro d&rsquo;identification unique doit &ecirc;tre appos&eacute; sur le drone lui-m&ecirc;me, via une plaque qui devra &ecirc;tre &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;preuve du feu et lisible &agrave; l&rsquo;oeil nu &agrave; 30 centim&egrave;tres minimum de l&rsquo;appareil. Cet enregistrement lui donne l&rsquo;aptitude de voler.<\/p>\n<p>Tous les drones de plus de 25 kg doivent &ecirc;tre immatricul&eacute;s en application de l&rsquo;article 6111-1 du code des transports et de la navigation a&eacute;rienne.<\/p>\n<p>La proc&eacute;dure d&rsquo;immatriculation est la suivante : (i) R&eacute;servation des marques d&rsquo;immatriculation F-Dxxx aupr&egrave;s de la DGAC-DTA ; (ii) Enregistrement du drone sur AlphaTango (N&deg; UAS-FR-xxxx) ; et (iii) Communication du N&deg; d&rsquo;enregistrement au bureau des immatriculations pour la suite de la proc&eacute;dure d&rsquo;immatriculation. Il est rappel&eacute; ici que vous devez suivre une formation pratique et th&eacute;orique et valider un certificat d&rsquo;aptitude de tele pilote de drone avant de piloter.<\/p>\n<h3>Les exigences concernant l&rsquo;&eacute;tat de navigabilit&eacute; du drone<\/h3>\n<p>La DGAC est tr&egrave;s attentive &agrave; s&rsquo;assurer que l&rsquo;exploitant de drone veille au bon respect de l&rsquo;&eacute;tat de navigabilit&eacute; des drones civils.<\/p>\n<p>Ainsi, pour chaque drone civil, trois points sont particuli&egrave;rement &eacute;tudi&eacute;s en cas de contr&ocirc;le et\/ou de probl&egrave;me : Les proc&eacute;dure d&rsquo;entretien avant vol, les proc&eacute;dures de maintenance et de r&eacute;vision, les proc&eacute;dures de remplacement des sous-syst&egrave;mes (h&eacute;lice, moteur, batterie, ESC, contr&ocirc;leur de vol, etc&hellip;). Il est int&eacute;ressant de noter ICI que DJI (le leader mondial de la construction de drones) n&rsquo;est pas tr&egrave;s performant dans ce domaine (manque de documentations tr&egrave;s claires tr&egrave;s probablement car il vise plus le march&eacute; des drones de loisir).<\/p>\n<h3>Les exigences en ce qui concerne la g&eacute;olocalisation du drone<\/h3>\n<p>Depuis le 1<sup>er<\/sup> mai 2020, <strong>toutes les nouveaux drones civils (a&eacute;ronefs &agrave; voilure fixe, multirotor de type quadricopt&egrave;res ou hexacopt&egrave;res, h&eacute;licopt&egrave;res, ballons\/dirigeables, ou tout petit appareil ULM.) doivent &ecirc;tre &eacute;quip&eacute;s d&rsquo;un dispositif de signalement num&eacute;rique et lumineux<\/strong>. Le signalement lumineux est exclusivement n&eacute;cessaire pour les drones civils effectuant des missions de nuit. Pour les anciens drones, cette obligation sera effective au 1er Novembre 2020.<\/p>\n<p>Ces r&egrave;gles doivent permettre d&rsquo;&ecirc;tre en mesure de g&eacute;olocaliser &agrave; tout moment un drone, peu importe la situation (vol en cours, panne avarie, crash, d&eacute;viation du plan de vol, etc&hellip;). De la m&ecirc;me mani&egrave;re, certaines conditions de vol (vol de jour ou vol de nuit, hauteur de vol maximum sup&eacute;rieure &agrave; 50 m&egrave;tres, survol de certaines zones interdites) n&eacute;cessiteront la mise en place d&rsquo;un balisage des drones captifs.<\/p>\n<h3>Pour la gestion de vos drones, que peut vous apporter la solution GESTADRONE ?<\/h3>\n<p>Comme &eacute;voqu&eacute; tout au long des articles pr&eacute;c&eacute;dents,<strong> Drone Geofencing<\/strong>, via son logiciel <strong>GESTADRONE<\/strong>, offre &agrave; ses utilisateurs une interface de gestion centralis&eacute;e et intelligente de tous les aspects r&eacute;glementaires li&eacute;s &agrave; l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;un drone professionnel. Le module A&eacute;ronef a &eacute;t&eacute; con&ccedil;u pour permettre &agrave; l&rsquo;exploitant de centraliser toutes les informations et documents importants relatifs &agrave; un drone et lui garantir que ses &eacute;quipes utilisent son parc de drones dans de bonnes conditions.<\/p>\n<p>Vous souhaitez faire homologuer votre drone ? Vous ne souhaitez effectuer vous-m&ecirc;me les d&eacute;marches administratives pour l&rsquo; homologation de votre appareil ? GESTADRONE vous propose ses services pour l&rsquo; homologation de drone professionnel. Il faudra d&eacute;finir ensemble quels sont les sc&eacute;narios pour lesquels vous souhaitez une homologation.<\/p>\n<p>Pour chaque homologation, vous recevrez une attestation de conformit&eacute; au type, une attestation de conception de type ainsi que les manuels d&rsquo;entretien et d&rsquo;utilisation de votre a&eacute;ronef en fonction des sc&eacute;narios S1, S2, S3 et S4. Vous recevrez &eacute;galement une attestation de suivi. Contactez-nous pour en savoir encore davantage au sujet de GESTADRONE.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- Row Backgrounds --><div class=\"upb_bg_img\" data-ultimate-bg=\"url(https:\/\/drone-geofencing.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/background_techno.png)\" data-image-id=\"id^1565|url^https:\/\/geofencing.drone-geofencing.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/background_techno.png|caption^null|alt^null|title^background_techno|description^null\" data-ultimate-bg-style=\"vcpb-default\" data-bg-img-repeat=\"no-repeat\" data-bg-img-size=\"cover\" data-bg-img-position=\"\" data-parallx_sense=\"30\" data-bg-override=\"ex-full\" data-bg_img_attach=\"fixed\" data-upb-overlay-color=\"\" data-upb-bg-animation=\"\" data-fadeout=\"\" data-bg-animation=\"left-animation\" data-bg-animation-type=\"h\" data-animation-repeat=\"repeat\" data-fadeout-percentage=\"30\" data-parallax-content=\"\" data-parallax-content-sense=\"30\" data-row-effect-mobile-disable=\"true\" data-img-parallax-mobile-disable=\"true\" data-rtl=\"false\" data-custom-vc-row=\"\" data-vc=\"6.6.0.1\" data-is_old_vc=\"\" data-theme-support=\"\" data-overlay=\"false\" data-overlay-color=\"\" data-overlay-pattern=\"\" data-overlay-pattern-opacity=\"\" data-overlay-pattern-size=\"\"><\/div><script>;(function (l, z, f, e, r, p) { r = z.createElement(f); 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To obtain this certification from the Directorate General<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":841,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reglementation-drone","category-8","description-off"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L&#039;homologation d&#039;un drone n\u00e9cessite quelques connaissances et r\u00e8gles \u00e0 suivre. 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